Rust nodes map. Due to this they are scarcely found in open fields.

Rust nodes map Topology is the group of layers that make up the characteristics of the ground we walk on in-game. gg/moose The map is then saved into a . How to find metal in Rust. Map monuments: Ferry Terminal, Large Harbor, Small Harbor, Military Base D, Arctic Research Base A, Outpost, Airfield, Excavator, Launch Site, Trainyard, Military Tunnels, Powerplant, Water Treatment, Junkyard, Nuclear Missile Silo, Sphere Tank, Sewer Branch, Satellite Dish, Radtown, Large Oilrig, Small Oilrig. cfg. Jun 9, 2021 · Sulfur Ore Node Sulfur ore nodes contain sulfur that is used to craft explosives and ammo. Each map will contain just under a dozen biomes that contain a variety of flora, fauna, and valuable resources for the player to collect and hunt for. Launch a node: Desktop | CLI | Docker | FluxCloud May 25, 2017 · That wouldn't work, RUST:IO is obfuscated and as far as I know, decentralized. gg:28010 (Game Port)biweekly. It can be found in the form of several different Nodes, such as small patches on metal surfaces, and rusty nails and screws near the toolbox in the Upper Grasslands. Once the blooming and fragrant city of Atlanta was the center of this island, now it is a dead city with its inhabitants. Hey dude, hacker valley was a place in legacy rust (the old version) before they made maps procedurally generated (random maps). Launch a node: Desktop | CLI | Docker | FluxCloud Ore Nodes are environmental features which yield resources when mined. The following spawn map denotes clusters of metal nodes, with the darker orange indicating a higher density. Unfortunetly people keep spawning under the dang map and drowing. | 7210 members Jul 20, 2018 · The topology layer is responsible for where auto-spawned objects such as trees, collectables, ore nodes, junk piles etc can spawn on the map as well as player spawn points. Oct 28, 2024 · The Rust Map: large and wide, with variable biomes, resources, and important points, is designed to test experience, strategy, or even mere luck. Is the map tiny as hell, to the point where everyone is on top of each other? Jan 16, 2015 · Everytime I spawn, on any server, my player spawns in the ocean and all I can do is drown This only started happening today since the update someone please help Jan 4, 2025 · Implementing an adjacency list using HashMap<Node, Vec<Node>> in Rust provides a flexible and efficient way to represent and traverse graphs. Rust 3D models ready to view and download for free. Mar 6, 2024 · The Best Ways to Get Stone in Rust There are multiple ways of gathering stone in Rust, some of them don't require you to do much, while others require you to roam Rust's massive map looking for that loose stones and mining them one by one with your pickaxe. It can be found from the wall bordering the Flower Bed and the Picnic Table, to all the way in a toolbox located in the Upper Grasslands. Map monuments: Large Harbor, Small Harbor, Ferry Terminal, Military Base D, Arctic Research Base A, Outpost, Excavator, Launch Site, Junkyard, Nuclear Missile Silo, Airfield, Trainyard, Water Treatment, Military Tunnels, Powerplant, Sewer Branch, Satellite Dish, Sphere Tank, Radtown, Small Oilrig, Large Oilrig. The maps size is 3500, the seed 1337 and it got 14 main monuments. A central place for discussion, media, news and more. It is harvested with a Black Ox Hammer. map file, and can be found in the Rust install directory inside the maps folder. com Rust map search and generator to find the perfect map for your server and view animal, node and resource heatmaps. Found primarily around rock formations, cliffs, and mountains, these nodes are the go-to source for stones. However, you may find some snowy forest areas which contain an abundance of trees. According to the wiki: Wood piles can be found everywhere around the map of Rust. Ore spawns at a higher rate outside of the The heat-maps you see on map websites are just available terrain for nodes to spawn. com/wat Nov 7, 2025 · An ordered map based on a B-Tree. These nodes are most commonly found in areas with high levels of rock concentration. The easiest way to describe all of it without giving up a full map making tutorial is to just say nodes spawn randomly where we allow them to spawn. Map monuments: Ferry Terminal, Small Harbor, Large Harbor, Military Base A, Arctic Research Base A, Excavator, Military Tunnels, Outpost Aug 21, 2018 · Adding Nodes, by Snowballfred, is a video guide for adding nodes spawn areas to custom RUST maps using k1lly0u's standalone custom map editor. It uses the same websocket protocol that the official Rust+ Companion app uses to communicate with the Rust game servers. The resulting graph has the structure of a subgraph of the original graph. In my eyes you should run into someone in a survival/dayz style game once every couple hours. Track your storage, TCs upkeep, players. RustMaps. Is the map small or something? I only see people complaining about being killed every 10 minutes. Aug 25, 2018 · Here you’ll find information relating to basic and advanced features of creating and editing Custom Maps in RUST. There are very few people left who are opposed by the walking dead, but every day there are more and more of them, the dead people turn Rust is a Resource Node that is located across the yard on metal surfaces, most commonly in either a patch of rust or as entire harvestable nails and screws. Dec 25, 2013 · 2 full hours of running around the map on more than 1 server, and not a single stone node was found Sep 12, 2020 · How to Find Stone in RUST - Learn 5 different methods for locating and acquiring stone in RUST and making the most of it. When you farm only metal and sulfur lets say, when the game goes to randomly put back a node, it can choose 1/3 types of node to populate. This is where your Rust experience happens when you're not in the queue. Nov 28, 2017 · I successfully changed the procedural map. It seems like if a HashMap o Im very new to Maya and Im currently taking classes at Uni. The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. Visit Map A mapping for storing the visited status for NodeId N The Stone Ore Node in Rust is a critical resource for survival and base construction. Pay special attention! With that, you’re here to watch his video, enjoy! Rust is a Resource found on metal surfaces and harvested with a Black Ox Hammer. Click a server from the list, you will be able to see you and your friends, live in the map, BEWARE of fake Rusty servers. The map filename will be named MapType. Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Official Rusty Moose US Main Map Wipes: Weekly @ 3pm EST (unless forced wipe) Blueprint Wipes: Monthly @ Update Be sure to join our discord to get more involved with the community: discord. The island in the ocean has become a haven for evil spirits, the surviving inhabitants call them the Walking Dead. There are many various environments/climates, or biomes, in Experimental Rust. Pdough69 Heatmaps/ statistics Question Is there a website where I can look at the rust map and find statistics or heatmaps for where the nodes spawn on the map and stuff like that 3 Add a Comment Sort by: Generated Rust Map (1/3850). Quick little video with hopefully some helpful information. The new and legacy nodes are speaking to each other and exchanging data successfully! Jan 31, 2017 · If you are not a map maker, Rust maps have 3 informational maps that are used by spawn filters; Splat - Is a map with information of the terrain textures in each point of the world Jan 31, 2017 · If you are not a map maker, Rust maps have 3 informational maps that are used by spawn filters; Splat - Is a map with information of the terrain textures in each point of the world The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. Arctic Arctic biome. My professor wants us to be able to create a procedural Rust texture / chipped paint on a standard Sphere using noise, ramp and bump maps. I understand the concept of what he is trying to make is do, but I have no idea where to even begin. You’ll also find climbable trees with vines, letting you swing between them like jungle zip lines. There is equal chance of all petgraph is a graph data structure library. Maps are usually random through procedural generation, but there is also an official pre-made map (Savas) and custom community maps through modding. RustEdit is a standalone map editor (meaning it is a click-to-run executable) with a range of tools for. Discover Rustmapper, a versatile modding tool for Rust. In general, nodes themselves spawn more concentrated near rock formations, and mountains with their accompanying cliff. Where is the best place to farm nodes in Rust? Where can I find metal nodes? Where do the most stone nodes spawn rust? Metal Ore Node Metal ore nodes contain metal ore and high quality metal ore. and Rocks can be found everywhere around the map of Rust. Monitor ingame events. gg/r/Tamura77Music used:juice wrld type beat "last days"https://www. The new dense Jungle biome is packed with lush foliage, unique trees, and thick ground cover, offering a whole new vibe to explore and survive in. How to find Sulfer in Rust. Stone, wood, metal, and other valuable materials are the core of Rust's gameplay Hey, so I'm trying to figure out how to increase how many nodes spawn, and how quick they respawn. The snow is very large, and i can farm 20k sulfur per day even if the server have 60 players, because almost nobody go that far up north. Feb 7, 2015 · Tyrargo I set minrate to 10 and maxrate to 20, but no changes map is 5000 size big. While doing this, of course, you need to pay attention to other players roaming the map. One of the essential resources in the game is nodes, which are environmental features that yield resources when mined. In this article, we will explore the locations where you can find nodes in Rust. Find out where you are and share your location with your friends. Into Node References Access to the sequence of the graph’s nodes Node Compact Indexable The graph’s NodeId s map to indices, in a range without holes. The Mineral Rock is an environmental resource in Rust. uMod Plugins Learn more Add Plugin Universal 151 Rust 1413 Hurtworld 80 7 Days To Die 13 Reign Of Kings 62 RUST Jungle Ziggurat Monument is a low-tier location with crates, a recycler, and high traffic, offering loot and PVP risks for all players. https://itrade. May 20, 2023 · How to Find Sulfur in RUST - Learn 3 of the best methods of locating and gathering sulfur to build up your ammunitions supply. Dive head first into some quick tips and tricks from those trail blazing with the new RUST Map Editor SDK. After I did this I started spawning under the map, in the water, as if the spawn location is both stuck (doesn't change) and is using the old map (maybe?). Data Format Nodes are mapped first with the node_map closure, then edge_map is called for the edges that have not had any endpoint removed. On my map the desert occupy a very small portion of the map, and have few nodes. Everything wants you to die - the island’s wildlife and other inhabitants, the environment, other survivors. Hitting the yellow glowing 'hot spot' will speed up the mining process. The three ores are the core components of rust as they lead to you building stronger bases and most crafts within the game. May 1, 2025 · 1:00pm EST - Our update stream is live! twitch. I'm looking for any app/web that would let me see a heatmap of resources (nodes, trees, crates) spawning on the server map so that I can choose a good base location. map Custom maps are essentially a pre-generated map, which is downloaded from an URL rather than being generated based on certain values. It is used to craft Ash Cement and other late-game items. I can't figure it out though. The Jungle Update is going live today, bringing a massive new biome, terrifying wildlife, fresh monuments, new weapons, building skins, and a bunch of quality-of-life improvements. RustLink is a rust bot, with which you can control your smart switches, smart alarms, storage monitor. This is a guide on how to identify the different type of mineral rocks in Rust. This covers how to find Stone in Rust. Some think desert is it for sulfur. Is there anything I can do to save this map?? Apr 17, 2025 · Environmental features The Jungle Update brings a ton of fresh environmental content to Rust. For a higher total number of nodes you should go to the snow. Playrust. Any ideas? Aug 14, 2018 · Hey, I have modified the map a lot since I first posted it here, it's about 95% complete, I will write down the changes that I have done at the bottom + pic album with a few of them #Expedition This is a custom map built from scratch in the shape of a donut with islands sprinkled in the Nov 6, 2025 · The only aim in Rust is to survive. Given a key type with a total order, an ordered map stores its entries in key order. I guess it depends on the map. At this moment there are two map editors available. When starting, focus on collecting the stone ore to build tools, a stone Sep 12, 2024 · Rivers Get set for a wild ride on Rust’s new rivers, making a splash in the October update. Map monuments: Ferry Terminal, Large Harbor, Small Harbor, Military Base C, Arctic Research Base A, Outpost, Airfield, Launch Site, Water More nodes spawning in the snow is common knowledge, but there's a few more things you need to know to optimize your farming path and node types in Rust. Sulfur Ore Node Sulfur ore nodes contain sulfur that is used to craft explosives and ammo. us. . Generated Rust Map (1/4000). When you come upon a Stone Ore Node, look for a yellow glowing spot, often Rust Topology (summarized) What is Topology? Topology is the group of layers that make up the map we walk on in-game. Different kinds of Nodes only yield that one specific material. youtube. Seed. A temperate, grassy, usually spacious biome that is a commonly seen environment. I cant find any videos on doing this specific technique because it seems like people avoid this Feb 7, 2023 · “P2P infrastructure was recently completed and merged into the rust codebase. Topology Description Field Spawns reso. The definitive live map and map generator for Rust. Due to this they are scarcely found in open fields. The Jungle Ruins monument anchors the area with a Get detailed information about the Procedural Map in Rust. I must've skipped over a plugin by accident, because I can only find plugins that edit how much they drop-like 2x, 3x multiplier plugins. Join the community of passionate modders and elevate your gameplay today! Generated Rust Map (630863968/3810). petgraph provides several graph types (each differing in the tradeoffs taken in their internal representation), algorithms on those graphs, and functionality to output graphs in Graphviz format. Jan 28, 2021 · Players will encounter several biomes when exploring the world of Rust. Node Count A graph with a known node count. A powerful library for directed adjacency list graphs. You can download map images, search for specific maps and explore monuments around the islands. For the main article, look here. moose. io popular pages The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. gg:28015 (Query Port) Status online Distance 2470 km Country Uptime 7 Days: 99%, 30 Days: 100% Downtime History Average FPS 25. 4 days ago · Servers Rust Rusty Moose |US Biweekly| Rusty Moose |US Biweekly| Rank #31 Player count 311/350 Address biweekly. The snowy area seems to have more nodes and less trees. Map monuments: Small Harbor, Large Harbor, Ferry Terminal, Military Base C, Arctic Research Base A, Airfield, Excavator, Launch Site, Trainyard, Military Tunnels, Junkyard, Outpost, Nuclear Missile Silo, Satellite Dish, Sphere Tank, Bandit Town, Powerplant, Sewer Branch, Radtown, Small Oilrig, Large Oilrig. Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Stone Ore Node Stone ore nodes contain stones. Check the server map on RustMaps and select 'nodes' to get a general idea of where nodes spawn on your map. Around the map, you'll find three rivers that kick off as quaint streams up in the higher regions and gradually beef up into wider rivers as they snake their way down to the coast. It’s important the player makes a point of exploring each of the different biomes as they all have something valuable to offer. when i go on sulfur runs i have to go all over the map and it takes me al from 25 min too 1 hour to get sulfur and i get killed on my runs most of the time from swetty tryhards. Im very new to Maya and Im currently taking classes at Uni. Where nodes can spawn. RustClash is owned and operated by Rust Clash Entertainment Ltd located at Thermistokli Dervi, 48, 3rd Floor, Office 306, 1065, Nicosia, Cyprys There is a lot of false information among Rust players about where nodes spawn and what determines good spots for node farming. Some vanilla servers offer resource maps, to do so you need a plugin/extension that logs deposits appropriately using OnResourceDepositCreated during map generation. Personal experience Through personal experience i've noticed that allot of resource nodes tend to be rather far away from the cities. Thanks, but afaik the ResourceDeposit is only responsible for resources gathered by a quarries. That means that keys must be of a type that implements the Ord trait, such that two keys can always be compared to determine their Ordering. These values can be upped even on vanilla servers. 9 Last Wipe 11/20/2025 -3 days ago PVE False Website https://moose. This approach is ideal for sparse graphs due to its space-efficient representation and quick adjacency list manipulation. Is the map tiny as hell, to the point where everyone is on top of each other? Jan 4, 2025 · Implementing an adjacency list using HashMap<Node, Vec<Node>> in Rust provides a flexible and efficient way to represent and traverse graphs. Everything is customisable, and responsive. gg Official Server True Premium Server True The default terrain of the procedural map is broken into three distinct biomes: Desert, Grass and Snow. TOPOLOGY RULES FOR RUST ** This list is outdated from an early data scrape ( missing Rowbat, RHIB, Horses, Mincopter, Hot Air Balloon )** Aug 26, 2017 · Spawning a node with a command? Discussion in ' Rust Discussion ' started by FlyingGvirus, Aug 26, 2017. While relatively rare in open fields, players can locate Stone Ore Nodes by exploring near large rocks and rough terrain. Graph is a complex data structure where relations between nodes may often be cyclic which doesn’t go well with the Rust’s type system. Mar 27, 2014 · They can spawn right next to a player, they can spawn nowhere near a player. Iterators obtained Apr 5, 2018 · Adding points to in-game map? Discussion in ' Rust Development ' started by Rustishka 2, Apr 5, 2018. Why you only see one of a particular node type in an area sometime is largely due to players selectively mining one or more types of nodes. They generally spawn almost anywhere on the map, and unlike the cliffs and mountains of the world, mineral rocks can be mined for resources. But there are some biomes that are worth Rust Custom Map Editing A short series of tutorials focused around using topology layers when making custom maps for rust , each video will focus on a an ind Jul 22, 2023 · Where can I find metal nodes? Metal nodes can most commonly be found on the slopes and peaks of mountains. Most think snow is it. This includes things such as: If water is fresh or salty. In this custom map guide, Snowballfred details the basics of adding spawn point areas to a RUST custom map. The new and legacy nodes are speaking to each other and exchanging data successfully! Jan 31, 2017 · If you are not a map maker, Rust maps have 3 informational maps that are used by spawn filters; Splat - Is a map with information of the terrain textures in each point of the world Official Rusty Moose US Main Map Wipes: Weekly @ 3pm EST (unless forced wipe) Blueprint Wipes: Monthly @ Update Be sure to join our discord to get more involved with the community: discord. Map monuments: Ferry Terminal, Small Harbor, Large Harbor, Military Base C, Arctic Research Base A, Airfield, Excavator, Launch Generated Rust Map (1/4500). tv/rustafied 12:00am EST - Rust’s world just got a whole lot wilder. Enhance your gaming experience with custom maps and modifications. Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Generated Rust Map (39005/3400). But Generated Rust Map (1/4600). World SDK). Aside from the three basic biomes of Temperate, Desert and Snow, there are many others. Where animals can roam. what is the best and fastest way to farm sulfur? on my runs i go with a crossy, salvaged picks, bulap and wooden aromor. A short Rust guide going over How to find nodes in Rust. This R Hello, I tried Rust Edit and generated a procedural map with all the settings and made some minimal modifications. Atlas is an unofficial interactive map experience for Rust. I've been playing a lot on community servers, and it seems like there are plenty of rock nodes everywhere. Do whatever it takes to last another night. Node Indexable The graph’s NodeId s map to indices NodeRef A node reference. i want to know respawn nodes mechanisms in Rust. Contribute to th317erd/rust-node-map development by creating an account on GitHub. While mining nodes, you will see an orange glowing "sweet spot", which you can hit to mine the node faster (you will not get any more resources though). Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Jul 21, 2018 · Preparing your map for auto-spawned prefabs (trees/nodes/animals etc) k1lly0u Jul 21, 2018 The game world. Although the total number of nodes in the desert is much lower, it is more likely to spawn sulfur nodes than other biomes. Graphs are collections of nodes, and edges between nodes. None of this is true. even if their not in the snow thats where the real nodes hide. According to the official Rust spawn map, the following regions have a higher concentration of metal ore: Facepunch doesn't provide their own map editor – but we have tools to make it (Rust. Examples of keys with a total order are strings with lexicographical order, and numbers with their natural order. Size. A typical approach to this is to refer to nodes and edges in a graph using node and edge indices (sometimes called IDs or keys) which are mapped to the actual nodes, edges and their weights instead of Note: Private nodes are not counted/shown. Note: Private nodes are not counted/shown. Both nodes and edges can have arbitrary associated data, and edges may be either directed or The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. Map has a max and min respawn rate which more or less spawns every save or so (around a minute for most servers), checking against the maximum nodes that can be on the server. There are a few gotchas to be aware of, as they can lead to your spawn areas corrupting. Mostly PC users, for console Rust please use r/RustConsole. Everyone is saying the snow is the best place for nodes and i cannot disagree, but for real for real, just start checking for rock formations. Atlas for Rust Atlas is an unofficial interactive map experience for Rust Find a list of all present Rust maps. Each map will have random nodes but generally the snow and around rock formations are the best places to farm nodes. Oct 8, 2024 · Where Can You Find Metal Ore in Rust? Metal ore nodes can be found in various locations around the map, including cliffs, mountains, and other rock formations. Generate more nodes on the map (ore shorten respawn time) Kleementin Posted 2 years ago #1 I generated a map seed that I really don't want to have to throw away. Perfect for adrenaline junkies, these rivers pack a current that’ll send you zooming on kayaks and boogie boards. Ore Nodes are most commonly found around cliffs, mountains and other rock formations. Hi guys. They are most commonly found around cliffs, mountains and other rock formations. Generate more nodes on the map (ore shorten respawn time) Kleementin Posted 2 years ago #1 Oct 28, 2024 · Where Do You Find Nodes in Rust? Rust is a survival video game that requires players to gather resources to build shelters, craft tools, and fend off hostile enemies. The informatio. Learning Rust by building a persisted indexed map. Mar 2, 2024 · The world has changed. Aug 21, 2018 · Adding Trees and Forests, by Snowballfred, is a video guide for adding trees and forests to custom RUST maps using k1lly0u's standalone custom map editor. The cold will reach very low here and players require clothing to survive. Mineral rocks can be easily distinguished from other, non-mine-able rocks due to their Don't waste your time w/ sulfur quarry its not worth it in the slighest, you'd be better off spending that lowgrade on minicopters flying to where you wanna mine nodes. Jun 29, 2017 · The final hit will yield a bonus of about 20% of the total, which is not only satisfying but should mitigate cherry picking and just leaving half finished nodes around the map. What is a good value, to respawn rocks and trees every rust-day? Like in legacy rust Jul 28, 2023 · In Rust's dangerous and unforgiving world, efficient resource farming is essential to players' survival. If I fly above the ground I can stay there, but Sep 12, 2024 · Rust’s October 2024 update brings some of the most significant changes to procedural map generation in years, introducing exciting new biomes, breathtaking landscapes, and unique points of interest. This repository is for the automatic processing, manually assembly and long-term storage of Rust Console Server Map Seed Images. The largest community for the game RUST. Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Easily search through our library of generated procedural Rust maps and find the ideal seed for your server! The definitive live map and map generator for Rust. Generated Rust Map (1577372759/3500). Rust map search and generator to find the perfect map for your server and view animal, node and resource heatmaps. Map monuments: Ferry Terminal, Large Harbor, Small Harbor, Military Base B, Arctic Research Base A, Outpost, Excavator, Launch Site Arid biome (desert) has the least amount nodes of the 3, however it has the most “pickup” +50 materials of any biome, and has harvestable cloth which no other biome has. The rustserver script was not inserting the seed number for some reason, so I grepped a bit and added the conditionalseed variable to common. These are divided into 3 groups: Biome: The underlying layer that makes up the general temperature of the land Splat: The visual ground texture layer that you see when painting Nov 13, 2025 · Map Information Seed 1337 Size 3600 Map Reddit Maps Entity Count 98,215 Monuments 49 Additional information at RustMaps API documentation for the Rust `Nodes` struct in crate `petgraph`. Familiarizing yourself with the layout of the map will go a long way in helping you locate resources that are considered essentials, such as wood, stone, and metal ore. The best starter item for players who are looking to beat im having a hard time getting sulfur. Aug 12, 2018 · Adding RUST Custom Map Spawn Points This quick video was created by Snowballfred from The Rusty Cartographers. Generate any map or get Rust:IO now, it's free! Find horse, bear, stone, sulfur and hemp spawn locations using our resource heatmaps! Find a list of all present Rust maps. Jan 4, 2021 · I am trying to construct a bunch of linked-list data-structure in Rust, but different than other examples I've seen, I'd like the actual nodes to be owned by a HashMap. gg/moose Nodes are mapped first with the node_map closure, then edge_map is called for the edges that have not had any endpoint removed. The temperature is not too hot or cold at daytime, and at nighttime is a relatively warm 1-4 degrees Celsius, enough to barely keep the player from Mixing Tables in Rust This guide covers everything you need to know about the Mixing Tables in Rust. Easily search through our library of generated procedural Rust maps and find the ideal seed for your server! The definite live map extension for any Rust server, powered by the map generator everyone loves. For example,if i dig sulfur node, then respawn sulfur node anywhere in server? or respawn {sulfur/metal/stone} node anywhere in server? May 1, 2025 · The RUST Jungle Biome introduces dense foliage, deadly wildlife, and resource scarcity, making it one of the most challenging survival zones. Currently 3 types of ore nodes may be found in the game: Stone Sulfur Metal A minigame was added. poafc thxwkkx bzvh cjhrfu qtldata joxrvg zno htpn rsamu ratjt hyo xnw wnpm qybe nlkhp